It is a given that human rights are the basic rights and freedoms afforded to every individual, and every government should actively work to protect and uphold them. However, in a developing country like Nepal, the complete protection of human rights remains a distant dream. As the crime rate in Nepal continues to increase, the condition of human rights has become an even more concerning issue. A clear indicator of this is the growing coverage of human rights violations by various media outlets, highlighting increasing societal injustice.
Historically, human rights in Nepal have been treated with concerning lack of importance. The conflict between the Nepalese government and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), from 1996 to 2006, serves as a critical point in the country’s history. This decade-long insurgency resulted in widespread human rights abuses, including extrajudicial killings, disappearances, and torture, significantly halting and slowing down Nepal's development. While the Maoist insurgency concluded with a seven-point agreement among political parties, the unresolved grievances of those who fought in hopes of a better future still remain, leaving many without justice or reconciliation. The aftermath of this conflict still echoes today, as many victims and their families continue to suffer from the psychological and social problems they still face left behind.
In the present day, violations of human rights in Nepal are increasingly evident, particularly concerning violence against women. Reports of acid attacks and rape cases are on the rise, worsened by the weak judicial system that allows abusers to move freely within society. Many victims and their families struggle not only with the physical and emotional damages of these crimes but also face economic hardships that leave them vulnerable and without support. Despite recent improvements in laws regarding acid attacks—such as increased prison sentences for perpetrators and mandates that they cover victims’ medical expenses—justice remains only on paaper for many, particularly in rape cases. The unresolved case of Nirmala Pant, which has captured national attention and outcry, is just a small hint of systemic failure, lowering public confidence in the legal system and rather empowering potential offenders.
Beyond escalating crime rates, Nepalese citizens face many other human rights challenges. According to the United Nations, approximately 60-65% of Nepalese live below the poverty line, which severely restricts their access to a decent standard of living. In many rural areas, food insecurity is a pressing issue, with children often going hungry and lacking access to education. Child labor still continues, as families are forced to prioritize economic survival over their children's rights to education and a safe childhood. For instance, many children in agricultural regions are compelled to work long hours in the fields, sacrificing their futures for immediate economic needs.
Health care in Nepal is another critical area of concern. The country’s health services and facilities often fall short of international standards, leading to deaths which could be prevented and rise in complications due to inadequate medical care. Many individuals are unable to access necessary health services, particularly in remote areas where facilities are not available. This disparity further contributes to increase the existing inequalities, leaving vulnerable populations without essential care.
While Nepal's constitution grants rights to LGBTQ+ individuals, societal acceptance remains limited. In many communities, especially in rural areas, LGBTQ+ individuals face discrimination, violence, and exclusion. Similarly, Dalits and other minority groups experience systemic discrimination, further marginalizing them in both rural and urban settings.
Despite the constitutional framework that addresses many of these issues, challenges such as nepotism, corruption, bias, and a lack of transparency continue to exist. Politicians often prioritize personal gain over the welfare of the people, starting a cycle of injustice. These systemic issues not only hinder progress but also violate the rights of countless individuals who deserve better.
In summary, the rights to health, education, and protection for women and children are some of the most pressing human rights violations in Nepal, despite the existence of laws intended to protect them. It is essential for us, as the upcoming generation, to recognize these issues and advocate for change. We must challenge the current situation of nepotism, bias, corruption, and non-transparency, and contribute to create a more just and equitable society. The future of Nepal depends on our commitment to uphold the rights of every individual and to create a culture of accountability and integrity. Together, we can work toward a more humane and inclusive society for all.